تُعد مرحلة تصميم التكييف المركزي الركيزة الأساسية لنجاح النظام قبل التنفيذ، حيث تؤثر بشكل مباشر على كفاءة التبريد، توزيع الهواء، مستوى الضوضاء، والتكلفة التشغيلية للمشروع.
- تحقيق توزيع هواء متوازن داخل الفراغات
- ضمان تبريد مناسب لكل مساحة حسب الاستخدام
- تقليل الضوضاء الناتجة عن حركة الهواء داخل مجاري الدكت
- خفض التكاليف عبر اختيار المسارات والمقاسات المثالية للدكت.
حساب الحمل الحراري في مرحلة تصميم التكييف المركزي
The calculation and study of the central AC convection varies according to the different applications of each project, several factors must be taken into account, mainly related to the method of calculating the cooling load of the place in terms of
- Orientation of the building and its direct exposure to the sun
- The size of the glass facades in the place, if any
- The type and nature of the project is a commercial project such as exhibitions, a commercial mall, warehouses, or mosques, each of them has a different account and distribution
- The ratio of " Fresh Air” and humidity required in some projects
- The height and type of ceilings, such as Shinko ceilings, concrete, skylight and others and large heights such as hvac of mosques
تصميم مجاري الهواء (الدكت) في أنظمة التكييف المركزي
DUCT “air ducts " according to the well-studied cooling loads of the project, the type of the selected central ac brand and the volume of cooled air required distribution.
The sheet and the design of ductair ducts and its accessories are formed based on the engineering and technical needs of the project and under the supervision of experienced engineers, according to the sizes indicated by the design schemes, and by the standards and thicknesses indicated by the applicable international codes (SMACNA) which is the World Association of sheet metal and air conditioning contractors،
Air balancing is an essential step in ensuring that HVAC and ventilation systems work with optimal efficiency, where a test is made for the balance and calibration of air flow to ensure that air is evenly distributed and pressure is controlled throughout the system.
ductair duct network “DUCT” consists of several components of different material and role for each component, to complete the air flow process in specific ways within the air distribution network effectively.
- (Canvas) it is a connection with metal limbs mediated by a kind of skin that helps to absorb the vibrations generated by the machine and not transfer them to the”DACT"
- (Flexible) the “dactyl” is connected to the air distribution boxes and is insulated with glass wool and is characterized by its flexibility, easy to form and pass through narrow places.
- Plenum box it connects flexible connections to the air vents and is also insulated from the inside.
- dumber dispensers: are used to control the speed of air flow, quantity and distribution effectively and can be controlled manually or automatically and have several types.
- grills air outlet holes come in several types “side, longitudinal, square, round, jet”
- (Sound Attenduator) it works to reduce and reduce the sound produced by air pushing fans and the drop in pressure resulting from its installation should be added to the calculations of the drop in static pressure” ” for the air fan used.
عزل مجاري الهواء (الدكت) وأثره على كفاءة نظام التكييف المركزي
Ductair ducts are insulated with” Fiberglass “Glass Wool from the outside and inside to prevent heat loss and reduce noise transmission،
From the inside, it is covered with a layer to protect it from moisture and prevent the spread of fiber atoms in the air, and maintain the temperature rushing from the fans through the air duct and flexible connections, then boxes and up to the air outlets “greels”
تصميم مخارج الهواء (الجريلات) في أنظمة التكييف المركزي
There are many types and forms air conditioning grilles central "air outlets", including (Circular, Square, lateral, longitudinal, and others)
Determines the design of air outlets and determine their places, and choose the appropriate shape and dimensions for each air outlet according to the amount of air required in each space and based on the aesthetic shape complementing the decor and appropriate for the place
الخاتمة
تمثل مرحلة التصميم الأساس الحقيقي لنجاح أي نظام تكييف مركزي، حيث ينعكس دقة التصميم مباشرة على كفاءة التشغيل واستقرار الأداء بعد التنفيذ.
وبعد الانتهاء من التصميم الهندسي، تأتي مرحلة التنفيذ كخطوة لاحقة تعتمد كليًا على جودة هذه المرحلة.
